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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Normalisation Unicode</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>normalisation Unicode</b> est une <a href="Norme" title="Norme">normalisation</a> de texte qui transforme des caractères ou séquences de caractères équivalents en représentation fondamentale afin que celle-ci puisse être facilement comparée.
</p><p>La décomposition canonique peut être utilisée dans l’échange normalisé de textes. Elle permet d’effectuer une comparaison binaire tout en conservant une équivalence canonique avec le texte non normalisé d’origine.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NFD">NFD</h2></div>
<p>Les caractères sont décomposés par équivalence canonique et réordonnés.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Exemples NFD
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>chaîne</th>
<th scope="col">caractères</th>
<th> </th>
<th scope="col">caractères<br>normalisés</th>
<th scope="col">chaîne<br>normalisée
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>À</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0041 ( A )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">A</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0041</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0300 ( ̀ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̀</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0300</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0041 ( A )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">A</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0041</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0300 ( ̀ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̀</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0300</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td><span>À</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>ẹ́</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0065 ( e )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">e</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0065</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0323 ( ̣ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̣</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0323</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0065 ( e )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">e</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0065</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0323 ( ̣ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̣</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0323</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>ẹ́</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ñ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00F1 ( ñ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ñ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00F1</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+006E ( n )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">n</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+006E</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0303 ( ̃ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̃</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0303</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>ñ</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>Ω</span> (ohm)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+2126 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+2126</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+03A9 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+03A9</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">Ω (oméga)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>fi (ligature)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB01 ( fi )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">fi</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB01</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB01 ( fi )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">fi</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB01</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>fi (ligature)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>² (exposant)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00B2 ( ² )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">²</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00B2</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00B2 ( ² )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">²</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00B2</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>² (exposant)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>한
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+D55C ( 한 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">한</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+D55C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+1112 ( ᄒ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ᄒ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+1112</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+1161 ( ᅡ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ᅡ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+1161</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+11AB ( ᆫ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ᆫ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+11AB</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>한</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>が</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304B ( か )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">か</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304B</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+3099 ( ゙ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌゙</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+3099</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304B ( か )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">か</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304B</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+3099 ( ゙ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌゙</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+3099</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td><span>が</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ئ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0626 ( ئ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ئ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0626</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+064A ( ي )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ي</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+064A</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0654 ( ٔ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌ٔ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0654</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>ئ</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>בּ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB31 ( בּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">בּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB31</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05D1 ( ב )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ב</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05D1</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05BC ( ּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌ּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05BC</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>בּ</span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NFC">NFC</h2></div>
<p>Les caractères sont décomposés par équivalence canonique, réordonnés, et composés par équivalence canonique.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Exemples NFC
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>chaîne</th>
<th scope="col">caractères</th>
<th> </th>
<th scope="col">caractères<br>normalisés</th>
<th scope="col">chaîne<br>normalisée
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>À</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0041 ( A )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">A</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0041</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0300 ( ̀ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̀</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0300</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00C0 ( À )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">À</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00C0</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">À
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>ẹ́</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0065 ( e )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">e</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0065</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0323 ( ̣ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̣</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0323</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+1EB9 ( ẹ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ẹ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+1EB9</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">ẹ́
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ñ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00F1 ( ñ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ñ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00F1</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00F1 ( ñ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ñ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00F1</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>ñ
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>Ω</span> (ohm)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+2126 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+2126</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+03A9 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+03A9</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">Ω (oméga)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>fi (ligature)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB01 ( fi )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">fi</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB01</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB01 ( fi )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">fi</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB01</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>fi (ligature)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>² (exposant)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00B2 ( ² )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">²</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00B2</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00B2 ( ² )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">²</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00B2</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>² (exposant)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>한
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+D55C ( 한 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">한</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+D55C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+D55C ( 한 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">한</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+D55C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>한
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>が</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304B ( か )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">か</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304B</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+3099 ( ゙ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌゙</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+3099</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304C ( が )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">が</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">が
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ئ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0626 ( ئ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ئ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0626</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0626 ( ئ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ئ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0626</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>ئ
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>בּ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB31 ( בּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">בּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB31</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05D1 ( ב )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ב</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05D1</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05BC ( ּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌ּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05BC</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>בּ</span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NFKD">NFKD</h2></div>
<p>Les caractères sont décomposés par équivalence canonique et de compatibilité, et sont réordonnés.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Exemples NFKD
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>chaîne</th>
<th scope="col">caractères</th>
<th> </th>
<th scope="col">caractères<br>normalisés</th>
<th scope="col">chaîne<br>normalisée
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>À</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0041 ( A )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">A</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0041</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0300 ( ̀ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̀</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0300</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0041 ( A )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">A</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0041</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0300 ( ̀ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̀</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0300</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td><span>À</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>ẹ́</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0065 ( e )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">e</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0065</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0323 ( ̣ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̣</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0323</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0065 ( e )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">e</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0065</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0323 ( ̣ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̣</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0323</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>ẹ́</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ñ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00F1 ( ñ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ñ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00F1</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+006E ( n )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">n</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+006E</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0303 ( ̃ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̃</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0303</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>ñ</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>Ω</span> (ohm)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+2126 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+2126</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+03A9 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+03A9</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">Ω (oméga)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>fi (ligature)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB01 ( fi )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">fi</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB01</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0066 ( f )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">f</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0066</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0069 ( i )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">i</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0069</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">fi
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>² (exposant)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00B2 ( ² )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">²</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00B2</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0032 ( 2 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">2</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0032</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>한
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+D55C ( 한 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">한</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+D55C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+1112 ( ᄒ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ᄒ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+1112</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+1161 ( ᅡ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ᅡ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+1161</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+11AB ( ᆫ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ᆫ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+11AB</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>한</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>が</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304B ( か )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">か</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304B</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+3099 ( ゙ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌゙</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+3099</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304B ( か )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">か</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304B</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+3099 ( ゙ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌゙</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+3099</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td><span>が</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ئ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0626 ( ئ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ئ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0626</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+064A ( ي )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ي</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+064A</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0654 ( ٔ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌ٔ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0654</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>ئ</span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>בּ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB31 ( בּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">בּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB31</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05D1 ( ב )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ב</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05D1</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05BC ( ּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌ּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05BC</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>בּ</span>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NFKC">NFKC</h2></div>
<p>Les caractères sont décomposés par équivalence canonique et de compatibilité, sont réordonnés et sont composés par équivalence canonique.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Exemples NFKC
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>chaîne</th>
<th scope="col">caractères</th>
<th> </th>
<th scope="col">caractères<br>normalisés</th>
<th scope="col">chaîne<br>normalisée
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>À</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0041 ( A )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">A</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0041</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0300 ( ̀ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̀</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0300</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00C0 ( À )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">À</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00C0</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">À
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>ẹ́</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0065 ( e )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">e</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0065</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0323 ( ̣ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌̣</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0323</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+1EB9 ( ẹ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ẹ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+1EB9</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0301 ( ́ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌́</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0301</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">ẹ́
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ñ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00F1 ( ñ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ñ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00F1</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00F1 ( ñ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ñ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00F1</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>ñ
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>Ω</span> (ohm)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+2126 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+2126</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+03A9 ( Ω )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">Ω</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+03A9</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">Ω (oméga)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>fi (ligature)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB01 ( fi )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">fi</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB01</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0066 ( f )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">f</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0066</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0069 ( i )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">i</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0069</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">fi
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>² (exposant)
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+00B2 ( ² )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">²</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+00B2</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0032 ( 2 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">2</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0032</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>한
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+D55C ( 한 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">한</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+D55C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+D55C ( 한 )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">한</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+D55C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>한
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span>が</span>
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304B ( か )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">か</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304B</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+3099 ( ゙ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌゙</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+3099</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+304C ( が )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">が</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+304C</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">が
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>ئ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0626 ( ئ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ئ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0626</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>=
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+0626 ( ئ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ئ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+0626</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td>ئ
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>בּ
</td>
<td><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+FB31 ( בּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">בּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+FB31</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">→
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05D1 ( ב )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px solid #CCC;padding:1px;text-align:center;">ב</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05D1</rt></ruby> + <ruby style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.5"><span title="U+05BC ( ּ )" style="margin:0 auto;border:1px dashed;border-radius:.3em;padding:1px;text-align:center;">◌ּ</span><rt style="font-size:40%;padding:0 .1em">U+05BC</rt></ruby>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"><span>בּ</span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="%C3%89quivalence_Unicode" title="Équivalence Unicode">Équivalence Unicode</a></li>
<li>L’outil uconv (<a href="International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</a>) permet de normaliser du texte, par exemple « uconv -x '::nfkd;' » applique la normalisation NFKD.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hapax.qc.ca/pdf/Chapitre-6.pdf">Formes de normalisation</a></li></ul>
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